心悸是什么原因造成的
Templates
Using templates to format citations makes sure that the information in the citation is complete and useful to the reader. Three commonly used citation templates are {{Cite web}}, {{Cite book}} and {{Cite news}}. Click on them to see the full details of all the information that can be included. There are many other citation templates. See the list at Citation templates.
Common templates
The most commonly used parameters to use an inline citation with the {{Cite web}} template (using the current date) are:
<ref>{{cite web |url= |title= |accessdate=2025-08-06 |last= |first= |coauthors= |date= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |quote= }}</ref>
The most commonly used parameters to use an inline citation with the {{Cite book}} are:
<ref>{{cite book |title= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |publisher= |location= |isbn= |pages= |url= |accessdate= }}</ref>
The most commonly used parameters to use an inline citation with the {{Cite news}} are:
<ref>{{cite news |title= |first= |last= |newspaper= |date= |url= |accessdate= }}</ref>
Using refToolbar
RefToolbar is a gadget which adds common citation templates to your editing toolbox. Wikipedia:RefToolbar has a how to install and use guide.
Cite4Wiki
If you are using the Firefox web browser, then there is an add-on called Cite4Wiki that will automatically make citations for web pages. Full details can be found at Wikipedia:Cite4Wiki.
When quoting someone
You should always add a reference when quoting published material. You should always include the page number if there is one. The reference should be placed either right after the quotation
- Example: "This is a quotation".[1]
or after a sentence or expression that introduces the quotation.
- Example: Jane Austen spoke of novels as follows:[2]
Some statements are from reliable sources. However, they are different from one another. When this happens, the text should clearly say where the opinions came from.
- Example: Martin Davis has described some of Burgin's claims as "misleading".[1]
When writing about living persons
Statements about living persons should be sourced very carefully. This is important for legal and ethical reasons. If there is a statement that a living person did something bad, it must cite a reliable source. If you find unsourced or poorly sourced material like this about a living person, whether in an article or on a talk page, remove it immediately! Do not leave it in the article while you request a source. Do not move it to the talk page. Wikipedia articles about people (biographies) or any other materials follow this rule.
Circular sourcing
Sometimes, other people (and books and websites) copy from Wikipedia. This means that the source cannot be trusted to support statements in articles, because it could create "circular" sourcing. We depend on sources to check their facts; using a source which is based on Wikipedia will bypass that check. There can also be copyright problems. Do not use sources which copied their information from Wikipedia. Also, do not use Wikipedia itself (in any language) as a source.
Text–source integrity
When using inline citations, it is important to maintain text–source integrity. The point of an inline citation is to allow readers and other editors to check that the material is sourced. That point is lost if the citation is not clearly placed. The distance between material and its source is a matter of editorial judgment, but adding text without clearly placing its source may lead to allegations of original research, of violations of the sourcing policy, and even of plagiarism. Generally the source citation directly follows the punctuation mark (usually the period at the end of a sentence).
Editors should exercise caution when rearranging or inserting material to ensure that text–source relationships are maintained. In particular, if a sentence or paragraph is cited with a source, adding material to that sentence which is not supported by the source is highly misleading. When new text is inserted into a paragraph, make sure it is supported. For example:
The sun is pretty big.[1] The sun is also quite hot.[2]
Notes
Do not add other facts or assertions into a fully cited paragraph or sentence:
The sun is pretty big, but the moon is not so big.[1] The sun is also quite hot.[2]
Notes
Include a source to support the new information. There are several ways to write this, including:
The sun is pretty big,[1] but the moon is not so big.[2] The sun is also quite hot.[3]
Notes
References
- ↑ Davis, Martin (2006). "The Church–Turing Thesis: Consensus and opposition", Proceedings, Computability in Europe 2006. Lecture notes in computer science, pp. 125–32.